However, these systems have demonstrated bottom line results

Information Networking Institute Information Networking Institute College of Engineering Carnegie Mellon University

However, these systems have demonstrated bottom line results, and are viewed by many organizations as necessary for long-term success. Although some pitfalls may seem like major obstacles, the actual cases presented throughout this book reveal that major corpo-rations have overcome them. Reduced duplication of effort was cited in areas of new business or market development projects. In many instances, one department may assume responsibility for developing the network to minimize duplication of effort and maximize productivity of information dissemination.

Each link corresponds to a path, perhaps through many physical links, in the underlying network. The topology of the overlay zona-viral network may differ from that of the underlying one. For example, many peer-to-peer networks are overlay networks.

Unofficially, the Internet is the set of users, enterprises, and content providers that are interconnected by Internet Service Providers . Typically, the human-readable names of servers are translated to IP addresses, transparently to users, via the directory function of the Domain Name System . Network administrators can see networks from both physical and logical perspectives. The physical perspective involves geographic locations, physical cabling, and the network elements (e.g., routers, bridges and application layer gateways) that interconnect via the transmission media.

PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTING

The information can be protected from unauthorized users. TCP/IP stands for transmission control protocol/internet protocol. This protocol is used to share and transfer data among different networks. This is the most commonly used protocol over the internet. In a bus network topology, all computers are connected to a common communication medium called bus.

Wide Area Network

An ATM network interface in the form of an accessory card. The last two cases have a large round-trip delay time, which gives slow two-way communication but doesn't prevent sending large amounts of information . Communications satellites– Satellites also communicate via microwave. The satellites are stationed in space, typically in geosynchronous orbit 35,400 km above the equator.

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In IEEE Project 802, this involves a succession of terrestrial wireless LANs. A router is an internetworking device that forwards packets between networks by processing the addressing or routing information included in the packet. The routing information is often processed in conjunction with the routing table. A router uses its routing table to determine where to forward packets and does not require broadcasting packets which is inefficient for very big networks. The physical or geographic locations of network nodes and links generally have relatively little effect on a network, but the topology of interconnections of a network can significantly affect its throughput and reliability. With many technologies, such as bus or star networks, a single failure can cause the network to fail entirely.

Routing is performed for many kinds of networks, including circuit switching networks and packet switched networks. Network bridges and network switches are distinct from a hub in that they only forward frames to the ports involved in the communication whereas a hub forwards to all ports. Bridges only have two ports but a switch can be thought of as a multi-port bridge. Switches normally have numerous ports, facilitating a star topology for devices, and for cascading additional switches.

Statewide Health Information Network for New York(SHIN-NY)

Each layer performs a specific function network communication. Gateway is a device that connects two or more networks with different types of protocols. Two different types of networks require a gateway to communicate with each other. For example, the computer on a LAN require gateway to access the internet. These are the standards which have been properly approved by networks governing body. These are developed with proper research and design to fulfill the requirement of data communication.